A Cartan-geometrical perspective on torsion and non-metricity

Abstract: Élie Cartan established that the metric and intrinsic curvature of a $D$ dimensional embedded manifold $M$ could be determined by tracing the response of another surface $N$ of the same dimensionality, as it is rolled without slipping and twisting on $M$. In the context of spacetime geometry, this construction underpins the MacDowell-Mansouri formulation of General Relativity. We consider extensions of this framework that correspond to rolling of a shape with twisting and with shape evolution; it is shown that these naturally describe torsion and non-metricity respectively. Cartan-geometric formulations of teleparallel gravity and symmetric teleparallelism are discussed in addition to further manifestations of non-metricity in first-order formulations of gravity.