Hbeta Spicules, Small-scale Jets, and Hbeta Microflashes: Sub-arcsecond Dynamic Events and their Magnetic Origins in the Lower Solar Chromosphere Observed by DKIST

Abstract: We examine an on-disk solar quiet region of enhanced magnetic network using Hbeta images from Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescopes (DKISTs) Visible Broadband Imager (VBI) and line-of-sight magnetograms from DKISTs Visible Spectro-Polarimeter (ViSP). We also compare the ViSP magnetograms with co-aligned co-temporal line-of-sight magnetograms from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI). We find:(i) Two types of chromospheric jet-like features: Hbeta spicules, and small-scale jets. Both are rooted near edges of magnetic network lanes. Several sit close to ViSP-detected tiny islands of either minority-polarity flux or dips in majority-polarity flux. Hence, those several plausibly stem from mixed-polarity magnetic flux, and are caused by chromospheric magnetic reconnection. For H\b{eta} spicules, the average width, length, lifetimes, and speeds are 420$\pm$400 km, 2600$\pm$1600 km, 4.3$\pm$0.25 min, and 12$\pm$4.7 kms. For small-scale jets, those are 385$\pm$100 km, 620$\pm$40 km, 5$\pm$3min, and 4.4$\pm$1.5 kms. (ii) H$β$ microflashes sit in evidently unipolar flux. Their widths, lengths, lifetimes, and speeds are 180$\pm$65 km, 365$\pm$100 km, 4.3$\pm$2.6 min, and 3.1$\pm$0.2 kms. (iii) At the base of a coronal plume, due to its higher spatial resolution than HMI, ViSP shows both some very strong (>800 G) majority-polarity flux not shown by HMI and some sub-arc-second minority-polarity-flux inclusions not shown by HMI. These sub-arcsecond chromospheric transients carry sufficient energy (10^{24}erg) to transiently heat the local chromosphere and corona and potentially contribute to solar-wind acceleration. They may represent the small-scale end of a continuum of magnetic-reconnection-driven activity, highlighting the importance of DKIST's high-resolution magnetic-field measurements for understanding small-scale chromospheric dynamics.