Counting Survivor Sets: Exponential Equivalence with Prime-Admissible Sets

Abstract: For each integer $n\geq 1$, let $N(n)$ denote the number of distinct subsets of ${2,\ldots,n+1}$ obtained by choosing one forbidden residue class modulo each integer from $2$ to $n$; this is OEIS sequence A396595 (https://oeis.org/A396595). Equivalently, $N(n)$ is the initial-restriction complexity of the family of global residue-profile survivor sequences. We derive a closed formula, depending on the parity of $n$, for the number of locally distinct residue profiles, and an exact inclusion--exclusion formula for profiles realizing a prescribed survivor set. We prove that $\log N(n)$ has order $n/\log n$, with any possible leading constant between $\log 2$ and $2\log 2$. For prime traces, the logarithm of their number is asymptotic to $(\log 2)n/\log n$. Our main comparison theorem shows that $N(n)$ is exponentially equivalent to the block complexity of prime-admissible subsets of an interval of length $n$. The combinatorial component of the private composite coordinates argument used in the comparison theorem is formalized in Lean 4/Mathlib. We also establish an exact structural recurrence, characterize extendibility by a residue-class covering criterion, and give a dynamic enumeration algorithm. As further illustrations of the model, we exhibit purely periodic global profiles generating prime-valued survivor sequences for which we have not identified corresponding OEIS entries.