Efficient K-Visibility Query in Polygons

Abstract: This paper investigates $k$-visibility, where a line of sight can penetrate up to $k$ obstacles. While computing the $k$-visibility polygon from a single query point is well-studied, existing spatial preprocessing approaches rely on full $O(n<sup>2)$ line arrangements through all vertex pairs without characterizing the minimal set of topological boundaries. We present a refined cell decomposition framework that isolates the exact geometric events governing $k$-visibility: primary vertex horizon lines and secondary mutually critical hinge lines. We prove that this minimal set of partition lines yields a spatial decomposition of $Θ(n<sup>4)$ cells within which the combinatorial structure of the $k$-visibility polygon remains strictly invariant. By leveraging a combinatorial $δ$-compression scheme across cell boundaries, we achieve an overall storage complexity of $\mathcal{O}(n<sup>4)$ while supporting optimal $\mathcal{O}(\log n + m)$ query time to reconstruct explicit $k$-visibility polygons of size $m$. Our framework naturally extends to polygons containing holes.