Charmonium production in p+A collisions at SPS and FAIR energies

Abstract: We employ the Parton-Hadron-String Dynamics (PHSD) transport approach to investigate the influence of baryon-rich matter on charmonium production and dissociation. The Remler formalism is implemented to dynamically model charmonium formation from charm-anticharm pairs. As a validation step, the formalism is first benchmarked against experimental data from elementary pp collisions and then extended to pA systems to extract the effective nuclear absorption cross section of charmonium. This extracted cross section can subsequently be applied in heavy-ion collisions to quantify medium-induced effects. Our results demonstrate that the Remler formalism provides a quantitatively consistent description of charmonium production in pp and pA collisions at SPS energies. The approach is then extrapolated to GSI/FAIR energies, where predictions for charmonium yields and survival probabilities are presented. These findings highlight the relevance of the Remler formalism as a dynamical framework for studying heavy-quark bound-state formation in baryon-rich matter and offer theoretical guidance for future experimental programs at SPS, FAIR and NICA aimed at mapping the QCD phase structure.