Introduction to the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture

Abstract: We give a brief and partially informal introduction to the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture. After a short review on basic Diophantine equations, we define the natural abelian group structure on an elliptic curve, leading to the definition of the corresponding algebraic rank. Afterwards, we sketch how to define the analytic rank of an elliptic curve and we state the conjecture, that is, the equality of these two ranks.