Topology of low-dimensional generalized Ricci solitons and string backgrounds

Abstract: Adapting ideas of \cite{akutagawa2007perelman}, we show that compact generalized Ricci solitons (GRS) have positive Yamabe invariant. We observe a Cheeger-Gromoll-type splitting theorem for GRS as a corollary of the splitting theorem for Bakry-Émery Ricci curvature in \cite{wei2009comparison}. Using this we show that low dimensional GRS are diffeomorphic to $S³ / Γ$ or $S³ \times S¹ / Γ$. We determine various topological constraints on string backgrounds (Bismut-Hermitian-Einstein (BHE), strong torsion $G_2$, strong torsion $\mathrm{Spin}(7)$-manifolds) and show in most cases that they cannot exist on the same manifolds as their classical special holonomy counterparts. Finally we determine the topology of BHE threefolds under natural constraints, relying on an extension of parts of Kollar's characterization of Seifert fibered $5$-manifolds over complex orbifolds \cite{kollar2006circle}.