Partial Progress on Stone's Conjecture: $P_0$-Membership of Fully Semimonotone Matrices with Positive Determinant

Abstract: Stone (Ph.D.\ thesis, Department of Operations Research, Stanford University, 1981) proved that every matrix in $U \cap Q_0$ is a $P_0$-matrix and conjectured that the same conclusion holds for the larger class $E_0^f \cap Q_0$ of fully semimonotone $Q_0$-matrices. Murthy and Parthasarathy [SIAM J.\ Matrix Anal.\ Appl.\ 16 (1995), 1268--1286] verified the conjecture for matrices of order up to $4 \times 4$, for $5 \times 5$ and $6 \times 6$ matrices under additional hypotheses, and for several special subclasses of arbitrary order, but the conjecture remains open in general. In this paper we prove that every $E_0<sup>f$-matrix with positive determinant is a $P_0$-matrix, for matrices of arbitrary order $n$; our proof proceeds by induction on $n$, via an algebraic analysis of principal minors under principal pivotal transforms. We further exhibit a matrix $A \in E_0<sup>f$ with $\det A &gt; 0$ that fails to belong to $Q_0$, showing that the hypothesis $\det A &gt; 0$ used in our theorem cannot, by itself, be deduced from membership in $Q_0$, and hence does not on its own yield a proof of Stone's conjecture. Stone's conjecture itself remains open.