Fully non-zero matrices and generators of full algebras of operators

Abstract: In a wide variety of fields, every non-scalar matrix $M$ is similar to a matrix all of whose entries are non-zero. We give extensions of this result, including some in the division ring context. We then apply these results to the question of which pairs of operators generate the algebra of all operators on finite- and infinite-dimensional spaces. In the case of complex, separable infinite-dimensional Hilbert space, this is intimately related to the unsolved Invariant Subspace Problem. Finally, linear independence of subsets of arbitrary TVS's and generators of arbitrary TA's are shown to be stable in the sense of the theorems presented.