Hofer-Zehnder capacity as a geodesic selector

Abstract: We compute the Hofer-Zehnder capacity of the unit disk cotangent bundle of every ellipsoid in $\mathbb R<sup>3$. The capacity is determined by the smaller of two distinguished quantities in the geodesic length spectrum: twice the systole and the length of the shortest simple closed geodesic of Morse index 3. For the lower bound, we use Riemannian billiards on a suitable cut of the ellipsoid. For the upper bounds, we develop two complementary methods. The first combines an argument by Hofer-Viterbo with neck-stretching and yields, more generally, an upper bound for positively curved Riemannian two-spheres in terms of closed geodesics of prescribed index. The second uses the pair-of-pants product in symplectic homology and the Viterbo isomorphism to bound the Hofer-Zehnder capacity of any disk cotangent bundles of Riemannian two-spheres by twice the diastole; for positive curvature, the diastole agrees with the systole.