Could John Ellard Gore have pre-empted the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram?

Abstract: John Ellard Gore (1845-1910) was an Irish amateur astronomer, prolific science writer and civil engineer. He was an inaugural member of the British Astronomical Association when it was founded in 1890 and was invited to become the first Director of its Variable Star Section. Through careful reasoning, Gore reached remarkably modern conclusions about the nature of stars, including their sizes, distances and luminosities. This paper explores whether he might have been able to produce an early form of what is now known as the Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram.