Vera C. Rubin LSST Synthetic Magnitudes derived from Gaia XP Spectra

Abstract: Context. In the context of Milky Way studies, the Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time is often described as a deep extension of the Gaia survey. In the future, joint analysis of the Gaia and LSST data promises to bring new insights into our understanding of the Galaxy's structure and formation history. However, the relatively small overlap in the magnitude ranges of the two surveys raises the question of how to perform a joint calibration of these datasets. Aims. In this paper, we produce high-quality synthetic LSST photometry from Gaia XP low-resolution spectra, using SDSS and DES observed photometry to calibrate the spectra. Methods. We develop a method of empirical correction of Gaia XP spectra using SDSS Stripe 82 photometry. We project sources for which Gaia XP data are available onto a magnitude-magnitude grid and calculate residuals between uncorrected synthetic and observed SDSS magnitudes, which are then used to derive correction coefficients across spectral regions corresponding to each photometric band. Results. The correction significantly reduces systematic trends and scatter in the synthetic magnitudes: the median residuals decrease by an order of magnitude (e.g., for the u band the improvement is from 0.038 to 0.002 mag), and the standard deviation of residuals typically becomes up to factor of two smaller (e.g., for the u band from 0.2 to 0.07 mag). Conclusions. Our correction approach improves the reliability of synthetic photometry derived from Gaia XP spectra and enables joint analysis of Gaia and LSST data for studies of Galactic structure and stellar populations.