JWST observations support the jittering-jets explosion mechanism (JJEM) for the core-collapse supernova remnant SNR 0540-69.3

Abstract: We examine published JWST observations of the core-collapse supernova (CCSN) remnant SNR 0540-69.3 and identify a point-symmetric morphology in its inner ejecta. Within the framework of the jittering jets explosion mechanism (JJEM), we interpret this morphology as evidence that the ejecta were shaped by two, and likely three or more, pairs of jets during the explosion process. Both visual inspection and a recently developed quantitative symmetry-identification method for astrophysical imaging reveal an approximate rotational symmetry between the northwestern redshifted ejecta and the southeastern blueshifted ejecta. Each side contains clumps (knots) surrounding a previously identified cavity, with the best quantitative correspondence obtained for a rotation of 189°. We further identify a symmetry center that is offset from the current pulsar position, strengthening an earlier claim for a pulsar kick. We interpret the pair of cavities and their surrounding clumpy structures as having been shaped by multiple jet-launching episodes. In addition, we identify a pair of opposing nozzles at a large angle to the cavities, which we attribute to another jet pair. Guided by the similarities to point-symmetric planetary nebulae shaped by jets and by recent three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of the JJEM, we conclude that the inner ejecta were shaped by at least three jet pairs launched by the neutron star after it acquired its kick velocity, consistent with the JJEM.