Confined exciton polaron in MoS$_2$ on twisted-hBN

Abstract: The simple electrostatic picture of a trion is that of an excess charge inducing an exciton polarization and binding closer (farther) to the hole (electron) side of it. Trion formation can be forbidden when such spontaneous rearrangement of charges is not allowed by the application of external perturbation, such as electric field. Here we test this hypothesis experimentally using a non-monotonic electric field. We realize this scenario by imprinting the ferroelectric domains at the AA-stacked twisted-hBN (t-hBN) interface onto a monolayer of MoS2 placed over it. The spatially varying in-plane electric field around the domain wall serves the dual purpose of (a) confining and polarizing the 2D exciton in the domain wall, and (b) depleting the free charge carriers from the domain wall. We observe a large quantized exciton splitting confirming strong exciton confinement in the domain wall. Forced by the confining potential, the electron side of the polarized exciton lies closer to the domain with accumulated free electrons, which should ideally prevent any trion formation. Contrary to the laid hypothesis, we observe signatures of quantized charged exciton emission, with an inter-level splitting that mimics the level-splitting of the quantized excitons. This paradox is explained using the many-body picture of exciton polaron, where a conduction band hole attractively binds the polarized exciton and the electron Fermi sea. The results provide a definitive way to unambiguously discern exciton polaron from trion.