Wold-type decomposition and Beurling-Type Theorem for Covariant Representations

Abstract: Using operator inequalities, we study a Wold-type decomposition of covariant representations. Building on this decomposition, we prove a Beurling-type theorem showing that every nonzero invariant subspace is uniquely determined by its wandering subspace. Our results extend classical theorems of Beurling and subsequent developments for left-invertible operators to the setting of covariant representations of $C^*$-correspondences, providing a unified framework for invariant subspace theory under operator inequalities.