Deep CSI Feedback for FDD Massive MIMO Systems: A Curvelet Learning Approach

Abstract: Downlink channel state information (CSI) feedback plays a key role in frequency division duplex (FDD) massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) systems. The growth of antennas in ultra-massive MIMO increases the difficulty and overhead of CSI feedback, which poses significant challenges for conventional downlink CSI feedback mechanisms. To address the limitations of existing CSI feedback approaches, this paper proposes a novel curvelet learning based framework termed SwinCANet, comprising a frequency-domain information processing module and a denoising module. The frequency-domain information processing module employs curvelet transform to decompose CSI into low-frequency and high-frequency components. Subsequently, Swin Transformer and channel-wise attention block are utilized for extracting the low-frequency and high-frequency representations, respectively, thereby enhancing reconstruction quality. Notably, an additional Swin Transformer facilitates the fusion of multi-scale frequency components, enhancing capabilities across different angular resolutions and spatial directions. Furthermore, we develop a variant (De-SwinCANet), which employs a Sigmoid threshold function to effectively suppress noise coefficients, thereby mitigating various channel impairments and nonlinear distortions. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that the proposed methodology achieves superior performance compared to existing benchmarks while maintaining robust performance under challenging propagation conditions.