Information Bottleneck Meets Quantization: Finite Rate Analysis and Optimal Designs

Abstract: The Information Bottleneck (IB) is a well established framework that looks for a latent compact representation of a data source, by trading rate and data-size representation, for information accuracy with respect to another target data. The Gaussian IB (GIB) is its simple closed form solution, when the target is jointly Gaussian with the source. Actually, in many practical problems the latent representation has to be stored or represented by a finite number of bits, while the optimal (G)IB solution has not. First, this manuscript theoretically analyzes the effect of scalar and vector quantization of the GIB latent representation, and its impact on the (dis)informativeness with respect to the target data. Then, task-oriented quantization designs are proposed by (jointly) reformulating the GIB optimization problem under a finite-rate constraint on the latent representation. Simulation results on MMSE regression problems confirm the effectiveness of the proposed quantization designs, which show significant gains with respect to more heuristic, or separate, quantization designs of the standard GIB latent representation. Finally, the paper extends the task-oriented philosophy to non-Gaussian settings, by properly modifying the cost function used in variational auto-encoders (VAEs) of IB-inspired vector quantizers.