Super-Arrhenius Dynamic Slowdown Revealed by Slow Variable Modulation in the Fragile Supercooled Liquid

Abstract: The super-Arrhenius dynamic slowdown in fragile supercooled liquids remains one of the central unresolved questions in condensed matter physics. In this study, we analyze particle jump dynamics in a prototypical fragile glass-forming liquid, the Kob-Andersen Lennard-Jones (KALJ) model. Using the displacement of jumping particles as the reaction coordinate, we demonstrate the emergence of non-Poissonian dynamics as the temperature decreases. In the mildly supercooled regime, the outer region of the first coordination shell of a jumping particle exhibits a significant distribution shift during the jump motion. By comparing the survival probability with its slow-fluctuation limit using this distribution as a slow variable, we confirm that particles in this region modulate the jump dynamics, enhance the jump rate fluctuations, and thereby induce the dynamic slowdown as supercooling proceeds. As the temperature decreases, this behavior extends to the outer regions of the second coordination shell and beyond, intensifying the dynamic slowdown. This spatial growth of the slow variables responsible for dynamic disorder exhibits close correspondence with an increase in the static correlation length. These results provide a microscopic mechanism for the super-Arrhenius dynamic slowdown in the KALJ model.