Self-consistent analysis of the Kuramoto model with higher-order interactions

Abstract: The Kuramoto model with higher-order interactions has recently been shown to exhibit bistability, explosive synchronization transitions, and rich collective dynamics. Existing analytical approaches, however, typically rely on all-to-all coupling or mean-field approximations of the underlying hypergraph structure. While these methods describe typical networks in the thermodynamic limit, they generally fail to capture the effects of finite hypergraph and oscillator frequency realizations. To address this limitation, we develop a self-consistent analytical framework for the Kuramoto model with dyadic and triadic interactions on hypergraphs. We introduce generalized local order parameters that capture the combined effects of dyadic and triadic phase correlations, and derive a hierarchy of approximation schemes for the local and global synchronization order parameters. Using these approximations, we determine critical coupling strengths for the onset of synchronization and bistability. In particular, we show that the critical triadic coupling strength governing the onset of bistability depends on correlations between the eigenvectors of the dyadic adjacency matrix and the triadic interaction structure. Numerical simulations on homogeneous and heterogeneous hypergraphs validate the theory and illustrate the distinct regimes of applicability of the approximation schemes.