MAM-CLIP: Vision-Language Pretraining on Mammography Atlases for BI-RADS Classification

Abstract: Deep learning methods have demonstrated promising results in predicting BI-RADS scores from mammography images. However, the interpretation of these images can vary, leading to discrepancies even among radiologists. Given the inherent complexity of mammograms, training classification models solely on image labels often yields limited performance. To address this challenge, we curated 2313 mammogram images and their corresponding captions from two mammography atlases. Our proposed approach employs a multi-modal model that uses a pretrained PubMedBERT as the language component. By training this model on image-text pairs with contrastive learning, we enable the vision encoder to absorb the rich information contained in the captions, thereby improving its understanding of mammography findings. We then fine-tune the vision encoder on two datasets for BI-RADS prediction, achieving superior performance compared with models trained without this pretraining, particularly when labeled samples are scarce. The improvement in the 3-class average F1 score ranges from +1% to +14%: a +1% increase with 40K training samples, and a +14% increase with 1K samples. Furthermore, our experiments reveal that 2K image-text pairs from mammography atlases can be more informative than 2K labeled samples for label prediction, with an average margin of +1.1% when more than 10K training samples are available. Overall, our work provides a vision-LLM for mammography and highlights the value of textual information from mammography atlases. In addition, we publicly release preprocessed mammography images of the TEKNOFEST dataset. The training code, pre-trained model weights, data extraction scripts, and the released dataset are publicly available at: https://github.com/igulluk/MAM-CLIP