Robust generalized quantum Stein's lemma

Abstract: The generalized quantum Stein's lemma provides an explicit expression for the optimal error exponent when distinguishing many independent and identically distributed (iid) copies of a given bipartite state from the set of separable bipartite states. Here we prove that this result is robust, in the sense that the iid assumption can be relaxed to almost-iid. In particular, our result shows that the original argument of Brandão and Plenio, which contains a logical gap, can be made rigorous. Our proof relies on a novel continuity bound for the relative entropy of entanglement with respect to the quantum Wasserstein distance. Combined with a recent insight that almost-iid states and their exact iid counterparts are asymptotically close in this distance, the bound implies that their relative entropies of entanglement coincide asymptotically.