Superconducting diode effect in correlated electron systems by nonreciprocal magnetism

Abstract: The superconducting diode effect (SDE), characterized by a nonreciprocal critical current in superconductors, has recently been observed in strongly correlated electron systems and near quantum criticality, pointing to unconventional mechanisms beyond weak-coupling theories. Here we investigate the SDE in the Rashba-Zeeman-Hubbard model, which captures $d$-wave superconductivity in an antiferromagnetic quantum critical regime, using the Dyson-Gor'kov equation with the fluctuation exchange approximation. We show that electron correlations suppress the conventional intrinsic SDE arising from depairing currents. More importantly, a supercurrent nonreciprocally induces antiferromagnetic order, which fundamentally governs the critical current and enables perfect diode efficiency. Our results reveal a previously unrecognized correlation-driven mechanism of the SDE and establish strongly correlated superconductors as a platform for superconducting diode physics.