Yang-Baxter Integrability and Exceptional-Point Structure in Pseudo-Hermitian Quantum Impurity Systems

Abstract: We develop a mathematically controlled framework for Yang--Baxter integrability in pseudo-Hermitian quantum impurity systems arising from periodic driving of a Dirac-like bath. The effective impurity Hamiltonian possesses a dynamically generated $\PT$ symmetry and exhibits exceptional points (EPs) where it becomes non-diagonalizable. We construct a Lax operator based on a rank-one biorthogonal projector associated with the impurity contact sector and prove that it satisfies an RLL relation within a projector algebra, leading to an $\etamet$-modified RTT structure and a commuting family of transfer matrices. The associated rational projector-type $R$-matrix satisfies the Yang--Baxter equation in the $\PT$-unbroken phase and extends continuously to the EP through a regularization of the biorthogonal projector. Within this framework we derive biorthogonal Bethe equations and show that the Gaudin matrix becomes defective at the EP, motivating the diagnostic $\mathcal{R}=κ(G)\,|\det G|$ that sharply separates EP singularities from Kondo criticality. We further prove that Bethe rapidities exhibit square-root coalescence and $\mathbb{Z}_2$ monodromy at the EP, reflecting the underlying Jordan structure, and that the effective pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonian emerges from the periodically driven microscopic system with controlled operator-norm error $\mathcal{O}(1/Ω)$ via the Floquet--Magnus expansion.