Blockage-Aware and Shadowing Aware RIS Assisted Joint Communication and Positioning for Urban Non Terrestrial Networks

Abstract: Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have recently attracted interest for non-terrestrial networks (NTNs), especially for improving satellite communication performance. However, RIS-assisted urban NTN designs that jointly support reliable communication and user positioning under blockage, while maintaining low online complexity, remain limited. This paper proposes a blockage-aware and shadowing-aware RIS-assisted framework for joint communication and positioning in an urban low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellite downlink. A terrestrial RIS is used both to reinforce the blockage-sensitive satellite--user link and to create an additional reflected path that enhances delay-domain positioning observability. We develop a reduced two-dimensional positioning model based on the direct-path delay and the RIS-assisted excess delay, and combine the resulting position error bound (PEB) with the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) into a unified utility. A blockage-aware three-mode policy then adapts RIS operation among communication-oriented, balanced, and positioning-oriented modes according to the direct-link condition. To improve robustness, spatially correlated RIS--user shadowing is tracked across coherence blocks using a state-space model and a scalar Kalman filter, and the filtered estimate is used in a robust codebook-based RIS selection strategy with low online complexity. Numerical results show that the proposed framework provides a controllable SNR--PEB tradeoff, improves positioning accuracy while maintaining competitive SNR, stabilizes codeword selection under shadowing uncertainty, and increases joint success probability with RIS size and phase resolution, with diminishing returns at high hardware complexity.