Remote Moiré Modulation of Decoupled Dirac Subsystems in Twisted Trilayer Graphene

Abstract: Moiré superlattices are generally assumed to act only at the interface where lattice mismatch or twist occurs. Here, we study charge transport in large-angle helical twisted trilayer graphene, where interlayer tunneling is strongly reduced. When only the top monolayer graphene is aligned with hBN, the electronic response reorganizes into a moiré-modulated monolayer and a remaining twisted bilayer graphene subsystem. Despite the absence of any explicit structural moiré in the twisted bilayer, we observe satellite-like features in its electronic response that run parallel to the primary spectrum and are locked to the density scale of the hBN/graphene moiré. These findings indicate that a moiré potential may not be confined to its structural interface and can, through electrostatic coupling, influence a spatially separated Dirac subsystem even in the absence of strong interlayer tunneling.