Technical Report -- A Context-Sensitive Multi-Level Similarity Framework for First-Order Logic Arguments: An Axiomatic Study

Abstract: Similarity in formal argumentation has recently gained attention due to its significance in problems such as argument aggregation in semantics and enthymeme decoding. While existing approaches focus on propositional logic, we address the richer setting of First-Order Logic (FOL), where similarity must account for structured content. We introduce a comprehensive framework for FOL argument similarity, built upon: (1) an extended axiomatic foundation; (2) a four-level parametric model covering predicates, literals, clauses, and formulae similarity; (3) two model families, one syntax-sensitive via LLMs, both integrating contextual weights for nuanced and explainable similarity; and (4) formal constraints enforcing desirable properties.