Multipartite entanglement dynamics in quantum walks

Abstract: Quantum walks constitute a rich area of quantum information science, where multipartite entanglement plays a central role in the dynamics and scalability of quantum advantage over classical simulators. In this work, we study the multipartite entanglement of quantum walks in optical settings. We present methods for computing a geometric measure of entanglement for arbitrary partitions of a single-walker quantum walk and for analyzing the entanglement in multi-walker scenarios. These techniques are used for numerical studies on the entanglement dynamics of quantum walks in large systems and under various initial conditions. For a given bipartition, based on the coin degrees of freedom, we derive exact expressions describing the complete entanglement dynamics for arbitrary localized initial conditions. We use these expressions for analytic statements about the asymptotic behavior of the system. Furthermore, we demonstrate the emergence of entanglement typicality in statistical ensembles of random optical networks.