Proactive Rejection and Grounded Execution: A Dual-Stage Intent Analysis Paradigm for Safe and Efficient AIoT Smart Homes

Abstract: As LLMs transition from information providers to embodied agents in the Internet of Things (IoT), they face significant challenges regarding reliability and interaction efficiency. Direct execution of LLM-generated commands often leads to entity hallucinations (e.g., trying to control non-existent devices). Meanwhile, existing iterative frameworks (e.g., SAGE) suffer from the Interaction Frequency Dilemma, oscillating between reckless execution and excessive user questioning. To address these issues, we propose a Dual-Stage Intent-Aware (DS-IA) Framework. This framework separates high-level user intent understanding from low-level physical execution. Specifically, Stage 1 serves as a semantic firewall to filter out invalid instructions and resolve vague commands by checking the current state of the home. Stage 2 then employs a deterministic cascade verifier-a strict, step-by-step rule checker that verifies the room, device, and capability in sequence-to ensure the action is actually physically possible before execution. Extensive experiments on the HomeBench and SAGE benchmarks demonstrate that DS-IA achieves an Exact Match (EM) rate of 58.56% (outperforming baselines by over 28%) and improves the rejection rate of invalid instructions to 87.04%. Evaluations on the SAGE benchmark further reveal that DS-IA resolves the Interaction Frequency Dilemma by balancing proactive querying with state-based inference. Specifically, it boosts the Autonomous Success Rate (resolving tasks without unnecessary user intervention) from 42.86% to 71.43%, while maintaining high precision in identifying irreducible ambiguities that truly necessitate human clarification. These results underscore the framework's ability to minimize user disturbance through accurate environmental grounding.