High-Harmonic Coherent Pulse Generation in a Storage Ring Using Multiple-Echo-Enabled Harmonic Generation

Abstract: Fourth-generation storage-ring light sources have achieved transverse emittances approaching the diffraction limit at x-ray wavelengths, while their longitudinal coherence remains limited. Existing laser-modulation schemes can induce strong microbunching but modulate each bunch only once per revolution, thereby restricting coherent radiation to a single beamline and underutilizing the intrinsic multi-user capability of storage rings. We propose a multiple-echo-enabled harmonic generation (multi-EEHG) scheme that applies successive excitation-echo cycles to the same stored bunch within one revolution, enabling coherent radiation delivery to multiple beamlines at different wavelengths. A general formulation of the n-stage EEHG bunching factor and a corresponding optimization procedure are derived. As an example, a triple-EEHG configuration is designed for the SAPS storage ring. Simulations demonstrate coherent radiation at multiple wavelengths with single-pulse photon numbers up to $10^9$, corresponding to an enhancement of approximately three orders of magnitude over synchrotron radiation for the same spectral bandwidth, while achieving few-meV bandwidth without a monochromator. The proposed scheme offers a scalable approach for multi-beamline coherent operation in next-generation storage-ring light sources.