Resource State Distillation via Stabilizer Channels

Abstract: Quantum technologies rely on high-quality resource states, such as maximally entangled or private states, which are indispensable for quantum communication and cryptography. In practice, however, these states are inevitably degraded by noise. Distillation protocols aim to recover high-resource states from multiple imperfect copies, and while stabilizer-based methods have demonstrated high performance in entanglement purification, they have yet to be established for broader tasks such as secret-key distillation. This work introduces a unified framework for stabilizer-based resource distillation in systems of prime local dimension. By formulating stabilizer routines as quantum channels and deriving closed-form expressions for their output, we enable the application of stabilizer operations to general input states and diverse distillation objectives. We identify key invariances in resource measures, such as coherent and private information, and demonstrate how they can be leveraged to significantly reduce the numerical complexity of channel optimization. To illustrate the framework's versatility, we introduce several protocols: gF-IMAX for general fidelity optimization, and (S)CI-IMAX and (S)PI-IMAX for optimizing (smooth) coherent and private information in both asymptotic and one-shot regimes. Our numerical results confirm that these protocols effectively tailor stabilizer channels to specific operational tasks, establishing them as a robust and flexible tool for quantum resource distillation.