Cosmology with the line-of-sight shear of strong gravitational lenses

Abstract: Stage-IV photometric galaxy surveys are designed to measure the position and shapes of billions of galaxies. Their aim is to characterise the large-scale distribution of matter in the Universe using galaxy clustering and weak gravitational lensing. As a byproduct, stage-IV surveys are expected to detect more than a hundred thousand strong gravitational lenses. In this article, we propose the use of weak-lensing perturbations to strong lenses, specifically their line-of-sight (LOS) shear, as a cosmological probe. This new observable allows us to define three new correlation functions: the LOS shear with itself, with galaxy positions, and with galaxy shapes, thereby promoting the standard $3\times 2$pt correlation method to a $6\times 2$pt scheme. We design estimators for these new correlation functions and determine their expectation values as a function of the matter power spectrum. We then derive the analytical expression for the full covariance matrix of the $6\times 2$pt correlation scheme. Considering various scenarios for the stage-IV strong-lensing samples, we demonstrate that the cosmological information carried by the LOS shear of strong lenses will be detectable with a very high signal-to-noise ratio, even in the most pessimistic of cases. Strong lenses are thus extremely promising cosmological probes, whose synergy with galaxy positions and shapes should also contribute to mitigating systematics in stage-IV surveys.