Quantum Oppenheimer-Snyder Black Holes with a Cloud of Strings Surrounded by Perfect Fluid Dark Matter

Abstract: In this study, we examine quantum Oppenheimer-Snyder black holes (BHs) embedded within a cloud of strings and immersed in perfect fluid dark matter. Also, beginning with the underlying spacetime geometry, we determine how quantum corrections, string cloud contributions, and dark matter effects alter the geometrical structure and physical characteristics of the BH. Also, the optical behavior is investigated via a systematic analysis of the photon sphere and the associated BH shadow, emphasizing possible observational features capable of differentiating this configuration from classical models. We also analyze the motion of test particles, focusing on how surrounding matter components affect trajectories, stability conditions, and effective potentials. Scalar field perturbations are considered to investigate the BH response to external excitations and to extract information regarding its dynamical properties. In this case, the thermodynamic behavior of the system is studied, including the role of string clouds and dark matter in modifying BH thermodynamic quantities. Also, the obtained results present a unified description of the combined effects of quantum corrections, nonstandard matter sources, and BH physics, with potential relevance for both observational constraints and theoretical modeling of compact objects.