Resolution Except for the Normal-Crossing Locus and Galois actions

Abstract: In characteristic zero we construct a canonical embedded and non-embedded resolution algorithm by weighted blow-ups that preserves the normal crossings (nc) locus and resolves singularities up to normal crossings. The process terminates with a Deligne-Mumford stack whose singularities are precisely normal crossings and are adapted to the exceptional divisor. The construction is governed by a rigidity property of canonical maximal admissible weighted centers together with a Galois-theoretic analysis of splitting forms. We show that normal crossings singularities are étale-locally simple normal crossings and can be viewed as quotients of simple normal crossings by finite Galois groups acting by permutation of branches. This viewpoint explains both the intrinsic role of weighted blow-ups and the natural emergence of stack structures in nc-preserving resolution. Building on the weighted blow-up framework of Abramovich-Temkin-Włodarczyk and its logarithmic refinement developed in my previous work, we obtain in particular a canonical compactification of normal crossings Deligne-Mumford stacks and a functorial nc-preserving resolution for subvarieties and Deligne-Mumford stacks.