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A counterexample to Hickingbotham's conjecture about $k$-ghost-edges

Published 3 Feb 2026 in math.CO | (2602.03016v1)

Abstract: Fix $k\in \mathbb{N}$ and let $G$ be a connected graph with $tw(G)\leq k$. We say that $xy\in E(Gc)$ is a {\em $k$-ghost-edge} of $G$ if for every tree decomposition $(T,\cB)$ of $G$ with width at most $k$, the set ${x,y}$ is contained in a bag of $(T,\cB)$. Although a $k$-ghost-edge of $G$ is not an edge of $G$, but it behaves like real edges with respect to tree decomposition of $G$ with width at most $k$. For any graph $G$ with treewidth $k$ and $xy\in E(Gc)$, when there are at least $k+1$ internally vertex disjoint $(x,y)$-paths, Hickingbotham proved that $xy$ is a $k$-ghost-edge of $G$; while when there are at most $k$ internally vertex disjoint $(x,y)$-paths, he conjectured that it is not a $k$-ghost-edge of $G$. In this paper, we prove that this conjecture is wrong.

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