Remarks on well-posedness for linear elliptic equations via divergence-free transformation

Abstract: This paper investigates the well-posedness of linear elliptic equations, focusing on the divergence-free transformation introduced in the author's recent work [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 548 (2025), 129425]. By comparing this approach with classical bilinear form methods, we demonstrate that while standard techniques encounter limitations in handling zero-order coefficients $c \in L^1(U)$, the divergence-free transformation successfully establishes well-posedness in this setting. Furthermore, utilizing the Riesz-Thorin interpolation theorem between the cases $c \in L^1(U)$ and $c \in L^{\frac{2d}{d+2}}(U)$, we establish the existence and uniqueness of weak solutions under the assumption $c \in L^s(U)$ for $s \in [1, \frac{2d}{d+2}]$.