Jordan decompositions in Lie algebras and their duals

Abstract: We provide a discussion of Jordan decompositions in the Lie algebra, and the dual Lie algebra, of a reductive group in as uniform a way as possible. We give a counterexample to the claim that Jordan decompositions on the dual Lie algebra are unique, and state an upper bound on how non-unique they can be. We also prove some Chevalley-restriction-type claims about GIT quotients for the adjoint and co-adjoint actions of $G$.