Marco-ASR: A Principled and Metric-Driven Framework for Fine-Tuning Large-Scale ASR Models for Domain Adaptation

Abstract: Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) models have achieved remarkable accuracy in general settings, yet their performance often degrades in domain-specific applications due to data mismatch and linguistic variability. This challenge is amplified for modern LLM-based ASR systems, whose massive scale and complex training dynamics make effective fine-tuning non-trivial. To address this gap, this paper proposes a principled and metric-driven fine-tuning framework for adapting both traditional and LLM-based ASR models to specialized domains. The framework emphasizes learning rate optimization based on performance metrics, combined with domain-specific data transformation and augmentation. We empirically evaluate our framework on state-of-the-art models, including Whisper, Whisper-Turbo, and Qwen2-Audio, across multi-domain, multilingual, and multi-length datasets. Our results not only validate the proposed framework but also establish practical protocols for improving domain-specific ASR performance while preventing overfitting.