Fractional Homogenization of Parabolic Equations with Long-Range Random Potentials

Abstract: This paper establishes a complete homogenization theory for the one-dimensional parabolic equation with long-range correlated random potential: [ \partial_t u_\varepsilon(t,x) = \frac{1}{2} \partial_{xx} u_\varepsilon(t,x) + \varepsilon^{-α/2} a\left(\frac{x}{\varepsilon}\right) u_\varepsilon(t,x), ] where the random field $a$ has covariance decaying as $|x|<sup>{-α}$ with $α\in (0,1)$. Contrary to classical homogenization where rapid decorrelation leads to deterministic limits, the non-integrable covariance preserves macroscopic randomness. We prove that under the critical scaling $\varepsilon<sup>{-α/2}$, the solution converges in distribution to a stochastic limit described by a fractional Gaussian field with Hurst index $H = 1-α/2 &gt; 1/2$: [ u(t,x) = \mathbb{E}^B\left[\varphi(x+B_t) \exp\left(β\int_{\mathbb{R}} L_t^x(y) dW^H(y)\right)\right], ] where $W<sup>H$ is fractional Brownian motion and the integral is a Young integral. Our contributions include: (i) functional convergence of the integrated potential to fBm, (ii) quantitative convergence rates in Wasserstein distance $$W_2(u_\varepsilon, u) \leq C\varepsilon<sup>{\min(α,1-α)/4}$$, (iii) a central limit theorem for rescaled fluctuations with scaling $\varepsilon<sup>{-α/4}$, and (iv) superdiffusive transport $\mathbb{E}[X_t^2] \sim t<sup>{2H}$. The results reveal a new homogenization mechanism driven by long-range dependence, connecting stochastic homogenization, fractional calculus, and anomalous diffusion theory.