A survey on the generalized Fermat equation of various signatures over totally real fields

Abstract: Following the famous proof of Fermat's Last Theorem by Andrew Wiles using the modularity of elliptic curves over $\mathbb{Q}$, significant developments have been made in the study of Diophantine equations using the modularity method. This article presents a survey of numerous results on the solutions of the generalized Fermat equation of signatures $(p,p,p)$, $(p,p,2)$, $(p,p,3)$, and $(r,r,p)$ over totally real number fields using the modularity method.