Model-based indicators for co-clustered environments and species communities

Abstract: Accurate biodiversity monitoring is essential for effective environmental policy, yet current practices often rely on arbitrarily defined ecosystems, communities, and ad-hoc indicator species, limiting cost-efficiency and reproducibility. We present a model-based framework that infers ecological sub-communities and corresponding indicators in terms of habitat and species from species survey data, such as large-scale arthropod abundance data used here as example. Environments and species are co-clustered using Bayesian decoupling for Poisson factorization. Latent, hierarchical regression relates observable habitat features to each subcommunity. Additionally, we propose a novel, model-based ranking of indicator species based on the learned subcommunities, generalizing classical approaches. This integrated approach motivates model-based ecosystem classification and indicator species selection, offering a scalable, reproducible pathway for biodiversity monitoring and informed conservation.