Twisted Diophantine approximation for matrix transformations of tori

Abstract: Consider a sequence of integral matrices $\mathcal{A}=(A_n){n\in\N}$, and a $d$-tuple function ${\bf r}=(r_1,\ldots,r_d)\colon \N\to (0,\frac{1}{2})$. For a fixed vector ${\bm α},$ we are interested in the set $\mathcal{T}{\bm α}(\mathcal{A}, {\bf r})$ of vectors ${\bm β}\in[0,1)^{d}$ for which $A_n{\bm α}~~!!!!!\pmod{1}$ infinitely often lies in the box centred at ${\bm β}$, with side lengths $2r_i(n)$ in each coordinate direction. Under mild conditions on $\mathcal{A}$ and ${\bf r}$, we prove a metric dichotomy for the size of $\mathcal{T}{\bm α}(\mathcal{A}, {\bf r}),$ valid for almost every ${\bm α}$ with respect to any fractal measure with a certain polynomial Fourier decay rate. Furthermore, removing all restrictions on ${\bf r}$, we establish a metric dichotomy for Lebesgue almost every ${\bm α}.$ This solves a variant of a conjecture of González Robert, Hussain, Shulga and Ward [Conjecture 1.10, Bull. London Math. Soc. 2025]. Finally, we also establish a Jarník-type theorem for $\mathcal{T}{\bm α}(\mathcal{A}, {\bf r}).$