Analytic de Rham stacks of Fargues-Fontaine curves

Abstract: We define and initiate the study of analytic de Rham stacks of relative Fargues-Fontaine curves. To this end, we develop a theory of analytic de Rham stacks with sufficiently strong descent and approximation properties. Specializing to the de Rham stack of the Fargues-Fontaine curve attached to $\mathbb{C}_p$, we apply the general theory to obtain a new geometric proof of the $p$-adic monodromy theorem, avoiding any reliance on earlier results on $p$-adic differential equations. Building on the foundations established here, we plan in a sequel to investigate the cohomology of de Rham stacks of relative Fargues-Fontaine curves in geometric situations and, in particular, provide a stack-theoretic definition of Hyodo-Kato cohomology.