Efficient adaptive control strategy for multi-parameter quantum metrology in two-dimensional systems

Abstract: Quantum metrology leverages quantum resources such as entanglement and squeezing to enhance parameter estimation precision beyond classical limits. While optimal quantum control strategies can assist to reach or even surpass the Heisenberg limit, their practical implementation often requires the knowledge of the parameters to be estimated, necessitating adaptive control methods with feedback. Such adaptive control methods have been considered in single-parameter quantum metrology, but not much in multi-parameter quantum metrology so far. In this work, we bridge this gap by proposing an efficient adaptive control strategy for multi-parameter quantum metrology in two-dimensional systems. By eliminating the trade-offs among optimal measurements, initial states, and control Hamiltonians through a system extension scheme, we derive an explicit relation between the estimator variance and evolution time. Through a reparameterization technique, the optimization of evolution times in adaptive iterations are obtained, and a recursive relation is established to characterize the precision improvement across the iterations. The proposed strategy achieves the optimal performance up to an overall factor of constant order with only a few iterations and demonstrates strong robustness against deviations in the errors of control parameters at individual iterations. Further analysis shows the effectiveness of this strategy for Hamiltonians with arbitrary parameter dependence. This work provides a practical approach for multi-parameter quantum metrology with adaptive Hamiltonian control in realistic scenarios.