D-com: Accelerating Iterative Processing to Enable Low-rank Decomposition of Activations (2510.13147v1)

Abstract: The computation and memory costs of LLMs kept increasing over last decade, which reached over the scale of 1T parameters. To address the challenges from the large scale models, model compression techniques such as low-rank decomposition have been explored. Previous model decomposition works have focused on weight decomposition to avoid costly runtime decomposition, whose latency often significantly exceeds the benefits from decomposition (e.g., 38% more end-to-end latency when running Llama2-7b on A100 with 4K sequence length with activation decomposition compared to no decomposition). In this work, we debunk such observations and report that the input decomposition can be significantly beneficial with a proper choice of decomposition algorithm and hardware support. We adopt progressive decomposition algorithm, Lanczos algorithm, and design a co-accelerator architecture for the decomposition algorithm. To address the memory- boundness of the decomposition operation, we introduce a novel compute replication methodology that moves the op- eration toward compute-bound region, which enables 6.2x speedup in our evaluation. We also develop an output shape- preserving computation scheme that eliminates decomposi- tion costs in consecutive layers. To compensate model quality loss from compression, we introduce a multi-track decom- position approach that separately handles outlier channels for high accuracy and low perplexity with minimal compu- tational costs. Combined together, our accelerator, D-com, provides 22% end-to-end latency improvements compared to A100 GPU at the cost of small model quality degradation (e.g., 3% on AI2 Reasoning Challenge task).