Joint UE positioning and distributed sensing in the upper mid-band exploiting virtual apertures

Abstract: Networks exploiting distributed integrated sensing and communication (DISAC) nodes can provide enhanced localization and sensing performance, further emphasized when operating with large arrays and bandwidths available in the upper mid-band (also known as FR3). In this paper, we consider a DISAC system operating at FR3 where a single base station (BS) acts as the transmitter and several vehicular user equipments (UEs) act as the receivers. We tackle the design of the signal processing chain at the UE side to enable joint UE positioning and target localization. The system model exploits a multiple-input-multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) waveform, and incorporates practical effects such as inter-node timing offsets (TOs), extended targets, dense multipath, and realistic uniform planar arrays (UPAs) at both ends. The proposed design includes a multipath estimation stage at each UE, clutter removal, a novel clustering and association scheme, and a final joint estimator of UE positions and target locations. The estimator solves a weighted least squares (WLS) problem to jointly compute clock offsets and localize UEs and targets. Numerical results considering two UEs and two targets show that for 80\% of the cases the target localization error is below 32cm, while the UE positioning error is below 44cm.