Vectorial Light in Fabry-Perot Resonators in the Normal Dispersion Regime

Abstract: The ranges of existence and stability of dark cavity-soliton stationary states in a Fabry-Perot resonator with a Kerr nonlinear medium, vectorial polarization components and normal dispersion are determined. The Fabry-Perot configuration introduces nonlocal coupling that shifts the cavity detuning by the round trip average power of the intracavity field. When compared with ring resonators, nonlocal coupling leads to strongly detuned dark cavity solitons that exist over a wide range of detunings. We study symmetry breaking between fields of opposite circular polarization characterized by a codimension-2 bifurcation point unique to the regime of normal group velocity dispersion. We show the spontaneous formation of regular dark soliton crystals separated by Turing patterns of alternating polarization via "self crystallization" due to long range interactions. Frequency combs of dark soliton crystals of two orthogonal polarizations in Fabry-Perot resonators display three separate components corresponding to the cavity repetition rate, the wavelength of the periodic pattern and the soliton lattice spacing. The system also displays the formation of stationary and dynamical vectorial dark-bright solitons. These solutions are different from previous realizations with bichromatic driving in ring resonators, are composed of locked switching fronts and can undergo Hopf bifurcations when scanning the detuning. Interacting oscillating dark-bright solitons display anti-phase dynamics that changes first into quasi-periodic oscillations and then into in-phase dynamics when increasing the cavity length.