Ramsey Interferometry with Qudits

Abstract: Ramsey interferometry, a cornerstone technique in quantum spectroscopy, traditionally operates with qubits for high precision measurements. In this work we build on Ramsey interferometry, extending it to qudits in Wigner-Majorana (WM) systems where the internal degrees of freedom are used to achieve enhanced resolution. We also show that replacing the two $\pi/2$ pulses of standard Ramsey interferometry with the quantum Fourier transform provides no increase in resolution. Theoretical analysis further reveals that quantum systems with the WM symmetry are particularly well-suited for this objective, achieving substantial resolution improvements for a given interrogation time. Simulations and analytical solutions validate these predictions, confirming the feasibility and advantages of qudits in Ramsey interferometry. We quantify these advantages using a resolution--contrast index that enables direct comparison between different qudit dimensions. In particular, three state systems (qutrits) achieve a twofold resolution increase compared to qubits without contrast degradation, emerging as optimal for the qudit approach. Higher dimensional qudits achieve superior resolution enhancement at the cost of contrast degradation. These significant resolution gains establish qudits as attractive candidates for high-precision quantum metrology and sensing technologies.