Spatially Adaptive SWIPT with Pinching Antenna under Probabilistic LoS Blockage

Abstract: This paper considers a power-splitting (PS)-based simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system employing a reconfigurable pinching antenna (PA) under probabilistic line-of-sight (LoS) blockage. We formulate a joint optimization of the PA position and the PS ratio to maximize the average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at a user, subject to its average energy harvesting (EH) and PA placement limits. We derive a closed-form optimal solution. Results demonstrate that the EH requirement has a deterministic impact on the optimal PA position as well as its feasible region, requiring deployment of the PA as close to the user as possible to maximize average channel gain. This spatial adaptation, combined with dynamic PS, enables robust SWIPT performance in the presence of probabilistic LoS blockage, revealing that mechanical reconfigurability primarily enhances sustainability by ensuring energy feasibility in dynamic environments.