An efficient spline-based scheme on Shishkin-type meshes for solving singularly perturbed coupled systems with Robin boundary conditions

Abstract: In this paper, we investigate a weakly coupled system of singularly perturbed linear reaction-diffusion equations with Robin boundary conditions, where the leading terms are multiplied by small positive parameters that may differ in magnitude. The solution to this system exhibits overlapping and interacting boundary layers. To appropriately resolve these layers, we employ a standard Shishkin mesh and propose a novel modification of Bakhvalov-Shishkin mesh. A cubic spline approximation is applied at the boundary conditions, while a central difference scheme is used at the interior points. The problem is then solved on both meshes. It is demonstrated that the proposed scheme achieves almost second-order convergence upto a logarithmic factor on the Shishkin mesh and exact second-order convergence on the modified Bakhvalov-Shishkin mesh. We present numerical results to validate the accuracy of our findings.