Decoherence-free interaction and maximally entangled state generation in double-giant-atom semi-infinite waveguide systems

Abstract: Giant atoms are artificial atoms that can couple to a waveguide non-locally. Previous work has shown that two giant atoms in a braided configuration can interact through a one-dimensional infinite waveguide, with both individual and collective atomic relaxation being fully suppressed. In this paper, however, we show that the decoherence-free interaction (DFI) between two giant atoms can be realized in both braided and nested configurations when the waveguide is semi-infinite. This protected interaction fails to appear in semi-infinite waveguide systems containing two separate giant atoms or two small atoms. We also study the entanglement generation between two giant atoms coupled to a one-dimensional semi-infinite waveguide. The results show that the maximally entangled state is generated in both braided and nested configurations due to the formation of DFI, and in the separate configuration, the maximally achievable entanglement can exceed 0.5. This study presents a new scheme for realizing DFI and generating maximally entangled states in giant-atom waveguide-QED systems.